This is what it looks like to cross the tipping point. Over 95% of the kelp forest along the Northern California coast has disappeared in a matter of a few years. If you’ve ever walked the beaches and seen the kelp washed up on the shore; if you’ve ever kayaked over the top of the canopy; if you ever dived down into that dark forest teeming with fish, colorful starfish, and abalone; you are lucky because that world is almost all gone.

A Unique Environment

The beaches in Northern California, as uninformed tourists quickly learn, are rugged and very cold. The North Pacific…

Robert H. Swanson, Jr., built a company — a culture — that was the most profitable in the semiconductor industry, yet flew below the radar. Its employees famously ‘never left’ in Silicon Valley where job-hopping is applauded. Once called the Toughest CEO in the Valley, he attracted and retained many of the most talented and fiercely independent analog engineers. For over three decades, relentlessly vigilant to his founding strategy, Linear Technology Corporation focused on analog while the rest of the industry went digital.

There’s no simple equation for how he did it, nor did he do it alone. To understand…

When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for people to go back and read the Constitution, to remind themselves what impeachment means, or to understand how the electoral college works, or to figure out what limits our freedoms have, then perhaps it’s helpful to be reminded that ours is not the oldest democracy.

The United States cannot claim to have the oldest democracy without resorting to multiple qualifiers, but what if we did have the oldest? Not, what if the U.S. Constitution was somehow older than others, but what if one of the older constitutions was somehow…

I’ve also been on both sides of the phrase, “management agrees with your idea and wants to implement the change immediately.”

Implementing a Pivot

Every company faces market dynamics and needs to pivot quickly to adapt. A “pivot” can be a change in strategy, a redefinition of product features, a shift in market focus, or a redeployment of resources to a different project. The faster and more effectively they can pivot to better strategies or more valued products, compared to their competitors, the better their outcome. A successful pivot must be customer-driven, holistic, and well-communicated. More importantly, it must be supported by employees.

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Historians tend to smooth out the ebb and flow of circumstances. Lessons to be learned sometimes hide in the eddies of a distant time and place. One such eddy current bubbled up along the Kalamazoo River in the 1840s.

The most concise history of the area involves Native Americans allying with the British against the United States in the War of 1812, which ultimately defined the border with Canada. Treaties were signed, tribes were forcibly moved west of the Mississippi River, and the territories became states. In 1837, Michigan became a state and pioneering settlers poured in to tame the…

Young and brash from a wealthy family, he lost patience for medical school in Massachusetts. Restless again after being admitted to the bar at 25 in Vermont, he headed west to practice law. The brand new Erie Canal expedited his trip across New York. After reaching Detroit, he crossed the fledgling Michigan Territory on the old Native American footpath called the St. Joseph Trail. Arriving at a bend in the Kalamazoo River near a tallgrass prairie, he settled in 1836. But George L. Gale was more of a prospector and less of a settler. …

The continental United States stretches from sea to shining sea, from the Rio Grande to the Great Lakes. These boundaries were forged in war and resolved in peace treaties. For most battles, to the victor go the spoils — or in Latin, uti possidetis — while in other battles the territory reverts to its original boundaries — status quo ante bellum. But over the course of several American wars, a recurring compromise appeared a middle ground that would have changed the face of the continental United States in a way that would have been visible from space.

A Barrier between the British and French

In the early-1700s…

I grew up in Michigan and was thoroughly immersed in the automotive industry and its history. Not cycling; that came later. The hallowed ground of Speedway, IN, — the brickyard, the Indy 500 — was a few hours’ drive to the south. Any history that really mattered was housed a few hours’ drive to the east in Dearborn, MI — The Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.

I knew that both AC Spark Plug (later AC-Delco, a division of General Motors) and Champion Spark Plug were started by Albert Champion.

I knew that from the four founders of the Indianapolis…